Ka taea e te hangarua RAP i roto i ngā whare hanga uku wera te whakaiti i ngā utu me te kore e whakaiti i te kounga?
He aha te take e haruru ana te umanga mō te hangarua RAP i roto i ngā whare hanga uku wera
Peia atu i tētahi wāhi hanga rori hou, ā, tera pea ka kite koe i tētahi haki e whakamanamana ana mō te "arapaka matomato." Kei muri i te pepeha he hurihanga marino: te hangarua i ngā tipu arapaka ranunga wera e huri ana i ngā ara o nanahi hei papa taraiwa o nāianei. Engari he tino penapena moni tēnei tukanga, he mea hokohoko noa iho rānei e pai ana ki te taiao? Me tango ngā paparanga - kāore he mea, kāore he whakatairanga hoko, ko ngā tau me ngā kōrero anake te mea nui.
He aha tonu ngā mea e kiia ana he RAP?
Ehara i te mea he "mea pango tawhito" noa iho te Papa Ara Whakahoki (RAP). He mira tukatuka kei roto tonu he bitumen utu nui me ngā konganuku kounga teitei. Ina wehea tika, ina whakamatautauria, ka taea e te RAP te whakakapi i te 15–40% o ngā rauemi hou i roto i te ranunga wera hou. I ētahi whenua, ka whakaaetia e ngā whakaritenga a te DOT he ōrau teitei ake mena ka tutuki te ranunga i ngā paearu mahi. Whakamāoritanga: ka taea e ngā kaimahi kirimana e mōhio ana ki te whakamahinga RAP te tuku tono iti iho i te mea kei te whiwhi moni pai tonu.
Me pēhea te whakanui ake a ngā kaihanga hangarua i te wera me te kore e pau te tahua
Ko ngā āwangawanga tuku iho mō te RAP e aro ana ki te wera nui o te toenga o te bitumen, ka puta ai te koroheketanga wawe. Mā te pahu rere-whakarara hou me te tomokanga maripi-waenga me ngā pūnaha rere-rua-para e whakatau tēnei mā te whakamahana i te konganuku tauhou i te tuatahi, kātahi ka whakauru i te RAP ki raro iho i te pahu. Nā te mea ka whakawhitihia te kaha e ngā kōhatu wera-tino ki te RAP hei utu mō te mura tuwhera, kāore te bitumen e "tunu." Ko te mutunga? Ka mimiti te makuku, engari ka mau tonu te ngāwari o te mea here. He tino pai, āe?
Te Wehewehe i te ROI i runga i te RAP
Whakaarohia he tipu 200-tph e whakahaere ana i ngā hāora 2,000 ia tau. Mēnā he 25% te ihirangi RAP, ka whakakapia e koe:
- 50 tana ia hāora o te kirikiri parakore te utu mō te $12 tana → $1.2 miriona penapena ā-tau
- 5% o te uku i te $550 tana → $1.1 miriona anō i penapenahia
- Kua karohia ngā utu mō te tāpui whenua/te kawe → tata ki te $200 mano
Tāpirihia ēnei, ā, e $2.5 M te utu i ia tau i mua i te taake. Ahakoa kua whakaarohia ngā mata tukatuka RAP tāpiri, ngā taputapu tirotiro makuku, me ngā mea aukati kohu, kei raro iho i te 18 marama te wā whakahokinga moni. Kāore he moni tāpiri.
Ngā Ārai Kounga—me pēhea te peke atu
E kī ana ngā kaiwhakahē he māmā ake te pakaru o ngā ranunga RAP teitei. Ko te pono, ka pakaru ina "whakakorekore" ngā tipu me te kore e whakataurite i te taumata o te herenga hangarua. Ko te whakatikatika he tātari herenga whakaranu: tangohia me te whakarōpū i te herenga RAP, kātahi ka whakatau mēnā ka whakangawarihia ki te whakaora, ka whakakapihia rānei ki te herenga hou ngawari ake. Ko ngā tipu e whai ana i te kawa ASTM D8159 ka tutuki tonu i ngā taumata PG whainga me te paahi i ngā paepae Whakamātautau Taupū Ngāwari o Illinois (I-FIT). I roto i te poto, ehara te kounga i te petipeti mēnā ka mahi koe i ō mahi kāinga.
Makuku: Te Kaiwhakangaro Wahangu
Ko ia 1% o te makuku e toe ana i roto i te RAP ka tahae i te ~10 °C o te pāmahana ranunga whai hua. Ko te tikanga ka nui ake te wahie ka tahuna e koe, ka tūpono rānei ka ngawari ngā hononga. Ko te huarahi pai? He tirotiro makuku e toru ngā wāhanga :
- Whakapūpūtia te papa RAP ki runga i te papa uku whakarara me te paparanga 2% hei rerenga wai.
- Taupokina te tihi ki te geotextile e manawa ana—he iti te utu engari ka whakaitihia te mimiti o te ua ki te haurua.
- Whakahaerehia ngā pūoko ngaruiti ā-roto i runga i te whitiki whāngai makariri; ka puta he 0.8% te makuku whakamutunga i roto i ngā tipu e whakamahi ana i tēnei whakatikatika, he iti rawa mō te whakaputa kore paowa kikorangi.
Whakapono mai ki ahau, mā ēnei kōrero iti ka wehea ngā tohunga mai i ngā hiahia.
Whenua Whakahaere: Kei hea te Moni Koreutu
Kei ngā whenua pēnei i a Texas, Missouri, me Georgia ngā whakatenatena mō ia tana mō ngā ranunga me te ≥20% RAP. Ka taea te whiwhinga $2–$5 mō ia tana, i runga i te tana me ngā putea tāpiri mō te mātotoru o te whenua. Mō tētahi mahi kāwanatanga 50,000-tana, tera pea he $250 mano tāra te whakahoki mai i roto i tō pēke—engari kāore e pā ki ngā penapena rauemi i tatauhia e mātou i mua. Ki te kore koe e tuku tono ana i aua whenua, me tūpato pea koe; kei te tere ake te horapa o ngā kaupapa whakatenatena i ngā kōrero pakiwaitara i te rā utu.
Tauira: Te Huarahi Matua 35 i Oklahoma
I te wā o te whakahoutanga o te tau 2022, i whakamahia e te kaiwhakatū he ranunga RAP 35% me te whakahōuora koiora. Ko te whakaritenga i hiahiatia he iti rawa o te 8% o ngā āputa hau i te 75 hurihanga me te ōwehenga kaha kume ≥80. Kāore i te mea i paahitia te ranunga, engari i tae mai te kaupapa ki te 12% i raro i te tahua , ā, i whiwhi te kaiwhakatū i tētahi atu whakatenatena $180,000. Ko ngā matua i tangohia i te tau i muri mai kāore e whakaatu i te tohu o te rutting, te ngatata wera rānei. Nō reira, āe, kei te tautoko te mahi o te ao tūturu i ngā raraunga taiwhanga.
Te Whakatūpato i te Ao o Mua: He aha te Mahi Whai Muri mō te Hangarua RAP?
Kei te whakamātautau ngā kaihanga tipu i ngā tāpiringa ranunga mahana pāmahana-iti e āhei ai te 50% RAP i te 275 °F hei utu mō te 320 °F noa. Ko te tikanga o ngā pāmahana iti he iti ake te waikura, he iti ake te taake waro, ā, he harikoa ake ngā hoa noho kāore e waea mai ki ngā amuamu mō te paowa. I taua wā tonu, kei te whakaitihia e ngā whakamātautau makuku me te pāmahana e whakahaerehia ana e te AI te rerekētanga; e pūrongo ana ngā tipu i te hekenga o ngā paerewa rerekētanga mō te ihirangi here mai i te 0.4% ki te 0.15%. Ko te tuhituhi kei runga i te pakitara? I roto i ngā tau e rima, ko te 40% RAP pea te mea noa hou, ehara i te mea rerekē.
Rārangi Arowhai Tere hei Tīmata Āpōpō
Mena kei te whakahaere koe i tētahi whare whakaranu wera, ā, e hiahia ana koe ki te whai wāhi ki te hangarua RAP, anei tētahi kete tīmatanga māmā noa iho:
- Tonoa he whakahoutanga o te ipu whāngai matao e 3-ipu hei wehe i te RAP mā ngā wāhanga rahi.
- Tāutahia he paipa tauira hau kia taea ai e tō tohunga QC te hopu i te RAP i ia 500 tana.
- Ka tukuna he kirimana ki tētahi whare wānanga o te rohe mō te tango me te whakatauranga i ngā here—e $150 te utu mō ia tauira engari ka ārai i te hapa o te puranga.
- Whiriwhiria he utu tauine-iti me te kaiwhakarato taputapu whakaora tinana; ko te nuinga o ngā kaihoko ka utu i te 5,000 karani tuatahi mēnā ka hainatia e koe he kirimana tuku kotahi tau.
Meatia ēnei mea e whā, ā, ka taea e koe te tīmata wawe—kāore he hiahia mō tētahi tohu pūtaiao rongonui.
Raina Matua
Ka taea e ngā whare hangarua uku wera a Rap te whakaiti i tō pire rauemi me te kore e whakakino i te kounga? Ae ra—ki te mea he rauemi mata te RAP, ehara i te para. Whakangao moni ki te wehewehenga, aroturukihia te makuku me te mea he kāhu, ā, whai i te hoahoa ranunga e hangai ana ki te mahi. Ka tere tonu te hua: he iti ake ngā utu, he pai ake ngā tohu taiao, me ngā tono e hinga ana i te whakataetae. Āe, ko wai kāore e pai ki te kore tāpiri i runga i te raina hua?
