Kua whakaaro kē koe he aha ētahi kaihanga rori e toa tonu ana i ngā tono, engari e piki tonu ana ngā utu o ngā rauemi? Ko te mea ngaro kei roto i ā rātou otinga hangarua-wera mō ngā tipu uku arai — he hangarau e whakahoki mai ana i te 60% o te uku tawhito, ā, e tapahi ana i ngā pire rauemi mata kia haurua. Kia keri tātou ki ngā rautaki o te ao tūturu e huri ana i ngā poraka waka kua mira hei hua. (Āe, ka whakamāramahia hoki e mātou te whakarerekētanga kotahi ka taea te penapena i a koe i te $0.40 tāpiri mō ia tana.)
Ehara i te mea ko ngā "mira" anake te Papa Ara Whakahoki (RAP); he taonga hokohoko pai. Ko ia tana e whakamahia anō ana e koe, ko te tikanga he kotahi tana iti iho o te kirikiri me te here me hoko e koe. I te tau 2023, ko te toharite o te here AC wai he $650 mō ia tana poto puta noa i te Takutai Moana o Amerika. Whakaranua he 30% RAP ki roto i tō ranunga, ā, tata ki te $200 te hekenga mō ia tana o te ara kua oti. He pāngarau tēnā, ka mihi atu anō tō kaikaute ki a koe.
Kua kite pea koe i ngā whakamaroke pahu rere-whakarara tawhito e wera ana i te RAP pērā i te tōhi o inanahi. Ko ngā tipu pai rawa atu o ēnei rā e whakamahi ana i ngā koti whakawhiti wera rere-whakamuri me te tango makuku āhua-kohu . Whakamāoritanga: ka mahana mārie te RAP, kia kore ai te bitumen toenga e "pakeke" e pakarukaru rānei. Ko te hua? He ranunga e tutuki ana i ngā rōrahi Superpave me te kore e raruraru. Ka tāpirihia e ētahi OEM he pyrometer infrared e pānui ana i te pāmahana whakakotahi i te wā tūturu, ka whakarerekē aunoa i te whāngai RAP kia noho ki roto i te ±3 °C o te ūnga. He tino maeneene, āe?
Whakautu poto: āe, engari me takaro koe i te mahi matū. Mā te here ngohengohe (PG 58-28) me te 0.3% Sasobit, te tāpiri mahana rānei, ka whakaiti i te taumata pāmahana-teitei whai hua mā te kotahi taahiraa anake, ā, ka whakahokia mai te taumata pāmahana-iti mā te rua taahiraa. I whakamahia e te whakamātautau 2022 a Illinois DOT i runga i te I-72 te 45% RAP me taua tohutao tonu, ā, i eke tonu ki te TSR (ōwehenga kaha-tensile) i te 85%. Nō reira, kāore he take anō mō te "kāore e taea e tātou te neke ake i te 25%", e te iwi.
Ko ngā rohenga EPA MACT mō te PM2.5 ko te 0.04 gr/dscf. Ka ngāwari te taunga o tētahi tipu me tētahi whare putea whakamuri-pānga me te werohanga raima maroke ki te 0.01 gr/dscf ahakoa ka eke te ihirangi RAP ki te 50%. Tohutohu ngaio: whakahaerehia he whakamātautau puranga ā-hauwhā i te takurua—ka taea e te mātotoru o te hau makariri te whakararu i ngā panui, ā, kāore koe e hiahia kia pōhēhētia e te takahi i te opacity i mua tonu i te wā whakatakoto papa.
Engari ko te maka i aua paru puehu ki te whenua, me whakahoki anō te 1–2% ki te ranunga. He whakakī kore utu tēnei e whakanui ana i te VMA mā te 0.5%, ā, ka taea e koe te tango i te puehu kōhatu tawhito. Kotahi te tipu 200-tpm i arotakehia e mātou i Georgia i penapena $42 mano ia tau mā tēnei whakarerekētanga. Ehara i te mea he panoni nui rawa, tika?
Tīmata ki tētahi pū pahu rua-pū e wehe ana i te RAP mai i te rohe mura tika. Tāpirihia he pūwāhi whakauru RAP rerekē — nekehia kia tata atu, kia tawhiti atu rānei i te mura i runga i te makuku. Hei whakamutunga, whakaritea he whāngai hangarua me te urupare piriti pauna kia taea ai e te pūnaha whakahaere tipu te whakatika aunoa i te nekenekehanga o te tana. Mā ēnei nekehanga e toru koe e whakarite mō tetahi whakaritenga ka makahia e te DOT ki a koe i te tekau tau e whai ake nei.
I hiahiatia e te kaupapa he 110,000 tana o te SMA 12.5-mm. I herea e te Spec te RAP ki te 30%, engari i tono te kaiwhakatū ki te 40% mā te whakamahi i te whakaritenga i runga ake nei. Ngā penapena kupenga: $1.9 M. Ko te mea tino pai? Ko te mahi o te papa i muri i ngā wā e rua o te huka-rewa i whiwhi i te 92 i runga i te PCR (whakatauranga āhua o te papa) i whakaritea ki te 88 mō te wāhanga whakahaere me te ranunga tauhou. I whakaae te miihini papa o te kawanatanga, "Kāore mātou i kite i tēnā e haere mai ana."
Pūrākau: "He mea whakarihariha tonu ngā ranunga waiata RAP teitei."
Tūturutanga: Ko te hanganga o te whenua e whakawhirinaki ana ki te hanganga o te whenua, ehara i te ōrau RAP. Whakamahia he ōwehenga CA/FA kua tohua pai tata ki te 0.45, ā, ka pai koe.
Pūrākau: "Kei roto i te RAP ngā hauwaiwai kāore i te mōhiotia, he haunga kino."
Āe, ae, ki te whakahaerehia e koe tō mura he nui te wahie, ā, kei te raki o te 340 °C te pāmahana. Kia mau te pāmahana o te puranga ki raro i te 160 °C, ā, kia heke te haunga ki te taumata o te BBQ o te rohe.
Kua rite koe ki te kohi i te moni katoa mai i ō otinga hangarua rap mō ngā tipu uku wera? Tīmata ki te tirotiro makuku, tāpirihia he VFD ki te whāngai RAP, ka mātakitaki i te piki haere o tō pikinga penapena. Āe, ki te hiahia koe ki te ruku hohonu ake ki te whakatikatika i te mura, ki te inenga tāpiri rānei, whakapā mai ki a mātou—kia pai te whakatakoto i te ara!