I ia puna, ka pāngia ngā tari huarahi me ngā kaihanga papa tūmataiti e te mamae kotahi: ka piki haere tonu ngā utu kawe, ā, ka iti haere ngā matapihi mahi. Whakauruhia te wheketere uku wera kawe , he wāhanga ka taea te tō, ka taea te whakatū ake, e oati ana ka puta he ranunga hou i roto i te 20 meneti i muri i te taenga mai. He ahua māia, tika? Heoi, e whakaatu ana ngā raraunga a te DOT o te kawanatanga mai i Texas me Georgia e whakaiti ana ngā kaimahi kirimana i te 18–24% o te whakapaunga rauemi i muri i te wā tuatahi. Ehara te mea ngaro i te makutu; engari ko te whakakore i te haerenga 60-maero ki te whakamaroke hiko tata. He iti ake ngā taraka i runga i te rori, he iti ake te moumou hinu diesel, ā,—koinei te mea nui—kāore he ranunga "ngawari" mō te pō me whakamahana anō i te ata e whai ake nei.
Whakaarohia he wakatō 40-putu te roa me ngā ipu whakapiko e toru: te konganuku tauhou, te RAP, me te puehu whare putea. Ka inehia e te whāngai auau-rerekē ia rerenga ki roto i te mata papa-toru, kātahi ka maturuturu i ngā haurua kua paunatia tika ki roto i te pahu rere-whakamuri 6-putu. Ka piki te mura ki te 1,600 °F i roto i te toru meneti nā te atomizer pēhanga teitei. I a te pahu e hurihuri ana, ka aroturukihia e te PLC te haumākū taiao me te whakarite aunoa i te werohanga bitumen. Ko te shebang katoa e whakakahangia ana e te miihini whakaputa hiko 350-kW e tutuki ana i te Tier-4 Final—kia taea tonu e koe te tono mō ngā mahi i California me te kore e pakaru ngā pepa. I roto i te poto, ka whiwhi koe i te tika o te tipu tūmau me te tapuwae o te ekenga karaniwha.
Āe, te pātai miriona tāra. Ko te nuinga o ngā tauira tipu uku wera kawe ka tukuna me te "Whakaaetanga Kounga Hau Whānui mō ngā Pūtake Iti" a te EPA kua oti te tākai. Whakamāoritanga: ki te noho tō whakaputanga i raro i te 100,000 tāne ia tau, ā, ka tahuna e koe te hau paipa, te tīhiera iti-whāwhā rānei, kei te tere haere koe. Kei te hiahia tonu ētahi kawanatanga ki te pānui tūmatanui 30-rā, engari he pai ake tēnā i te kaupapa 18-marama e hiahiatia ana mō te whare tūmau 400-tph. Tohutohu ngaio: puritia he kape o te taurangi tukunga a te kaihanga i roto i te pouaka karapu; he pai ki ngā kaitirotiro te kite i te "≤0.04 lb PM-10 ia tāne" i roto i te Arial matotoru.
Me tere tā tātou pāngarau i tētahi kaupapa whakahou i ngā rori o te rohe e rua maero te roa:
Tapeke utu tāpiri: ≈ $230,000. Ko te utu reti mō tētahi tipu uku wera kawe rahi-waenga he $35,000 ia marama, tae atu ki te whakatikatika. Ahakoa ka puritia e koe mō ngā marama e toru, kei te $125,000 tonu tō moni whiwhi—i mua i te tatau i ngā putea mahi pō, i ngā whiu whakamahana rānei. Ā, i kōrero ahau ka taea e koe te neke ki te kawanatanga e whai ake nei i raro i te waru hāora? Ae, he mea whakarerekē tēnā .
E oati ana ngā kaimahi tawhito me whai pourewa pūmau 150-putu te roa kia eke ki te 96% o te mātotoru Marshall. He tirotiro pono: ka eke ngā mīhini whakaranu pahu hou ki te 98% i roto i te ±0.3% o te rerekētanga bitumen, i manatokohia e ngā ine karihi o runga. Ko te mahi tinihanga ko ngā hoe tere-rerekē e whakaroa ana i te wā noho mā te 12 hēkona—he roa mō te paninga katoa, he poto hei ārai i te paoa kikorangi. Mēnā he aha, he hou ake te ranunga nā te mea kāore he pupuri silo 45-meneti. Nō reira, ā muri ake nei, ki te kī mai tētahi he rite te kawe ki te "tā mahana," tēnā koa karangatia rātou ki tō rā tauira matua e whai ake nei. He mea whakamīharo: ka nui ake te kōrero a ngā matua i ō kupu kino.
Mā te rahinga kaukau 5.5-inihi ka ora tonu ngā putea mō ngā hāora mahi 3,000, kaua mō ngā hāora 1,800.
I te marama o Hūrae kua taha ake nei, i hiahiatia e tētahi kamupene hiko o Colorado he 11,000 tana o te uku teitei mō tētahi huarahi uru atu ki te pāmu hau, ā, ka piki ake te taumata o te 11%. I hangaia e tētahi wheketere uku wera kawe kotahi te ranunga i te 340 °F, 20 maero mai i te raina hiko tata. I wharikihia e ngā kaimahi he 2,300 putu te whānui mō ia huringa, i wikitoria i te wā ua, ā, i whai wā tonu ki te tirotiro i ngā whare hanga pia ā-rohe—nā te mea, āe, he taurite te mahi me te oranga, e te iwi. Kei te puta ake ngā kōrero rite i ngā rori rakau o Ontario me ngā papa hinu o Texas. Ko te aho noa? Ngā wātaka kuiti, ngā wāhi tawhiti, me te kore e aro ki ngā wāhi makariri.
Mena he nui ake i te 80,000 tāne tō rahinga ā-tau, ā, e rima tau pea te roa o te hoko, ka heke te utu mō ia tāne ki raro iho i te $2.80. He pai ngā reiti pūtea i tēnei wā—whakaarohia te 5.9% APR mō ngā marama 72. I tētahi atu taha, mā te reti ka tiakina te pūtea mahi, ā, ka taea e koe te whakamātautau i ngā hangarau tahu hou i ia wā. Kei te piki haere hoki te rongonui o ngā kirimana ranu—rīhi-ki-te-tangata me te hoko 30%. Ahakoa te huarahi e whiriwhiria e koe, tohea kia tīmata te wheketere ki te whakangungu; mā te akoranga tiwhikete e rua ngā rā ka ārai i te kereme pakaru wera $40,000 a muri ake nei.
Ae, e kī ana te pukapuka hokohoko he "ngā idlers kore-whakahinuhinu," engari me pania tonu ngā roera pana o te pahu i ia 250 hāora. Kaua e whakamahia kotahi, ā, ka ngokingoki te pahu pērā i te tamaiti e inu ana i te kawhe. Tētahi atu hapa hou? Ki te kore e aro ki te tātari DEF o te generator; ka taea e te SCR kua purua te whakaiti i te kaha o te tipu katoa, ka waiho māu he 50 tph kaua ki te 120 tph. Puritia he tātari $28 i roto i te putea wāhanga, whakawhitia i te rā ua, ā, kua angitu koe. Whakapono mai, ka mihi atu tō kaiwhakahaere kaupapa ki a koe ina kore te kaupapa e neke ki te wiki e tū mai nei.
Ahakoa ka tāpirihia e koe ngā poka o te taone nui, ka hangaia anō rānei ngā rori tuarua i roto i ngā rakau, ka whakaitihia e te wheketere uku wera kawe ngā whakapaunga mahi, ka whakapoto i ngā wā, ā, ka pupuri tonu i te kounga. Ka memeha haere te wiri o mua ina kite koe kua whiwhi koe i te utu kura mō te wāhanga kotahi o te tau i roto i te wā kotahi. Nō reira, ka taea e te mīhini kotahi te whakaiti i ō utu hanga ki te haurua? Ko te pāngarau—me ngā maero—e kī ana ae. Ko te mea anake e toe ana ko te hono atu ki te waka, te pēhi i te pana, me te mātakitaki i ngā penapena e puta mai ana me ia tana koura pango wera.