He aha nā ʻano lako hana kūkulu no nā alanui e hoʻonui maoli i ka wikiwiki o ka papahana a hōʻemi i nā kumukūʻai?
Ua noʻonoʻo paha ʻoe no ke aha e lohi ai nā papahana alanui ʻoiai ke nui o ka hao ma ke kahua?
Inā ʻoe e kalaiwa ma mua o kahi hana alanui a ʻike i nā mīkini melemele he nui e noho mālie ana, e nīnau paha ʻoe iā ʻoe iho, "Me kēlā mau ʻano lako hana no nā alanui, no ke aha ʻaʻole e neʻe wikiwiki ana kekahi mea?" ʻAʻole ka pane ka horsepower; ʻo ia ka ʻike i ka mea hana e hoʻohana ai, i ka manawa hea, a pehea. Ma lalo nei mākou e wāwahi ai i kēlā me kēia papa nui o nā lako hana alanui, ka mea maoli e hana ai, a me nā ala malū e mālama ai—a puhi paha—i ke kālā.
ʻO ka Trio Hoʻoneʻe Honua: Bulldozers, Scrapers, a me ka Motor Grader i Hoʻemi ʻia ka Rating
Hoʻomaka nā Bulldozers i nā mea ma ka haehae ʻana a me ka hoʻokuke ʻana i ka topsoil mai ke ala. Ma ka hapa nui o nā hana ʻAmelika ʻĀkau, hoʻololi lākou i 90-120 m³ i kēlā me kēia hola, akā emi kēlā helu inā poina i ka mea hoʻohana ke hoʻohuli i ka pahi no ka lepo pipili. ʻO ka mea aʻe, hoʻouka ponoʻī nā scrapers a huki i nā mea ma luna o nā mamao ma lalo o ʻelua kilomita—ʻo nā mea mamao aku a ʻaihue nā kaʻa dump i ka hōʻike. ʻO ka lio ʻeleʻele ma ʻaneʻi ʻo ka motor grader. Haʻaheo nā pepa spec ma kahi o 200 hp, akā ʻo kona waiwai maoli ka pololei i alakaʻi ʻia e ka laser e mālama ana i ka sub-grade hope loa i loko o 10 mm tolerance. Ke hala ʻole kēlā spec a e ninini ʻoe i 50 mm hou o ka asphalt e "hoʻomaʻemaʻe iā ia." ʻO ia ma kahi o $13 k i nā mea pono ʻole no kēlā me kēia kilomita lane, auē!
Nā Mea Hana Hoʻopaʻa: Sheepsfoot, Pneumatic, a i ʻole Smooth Drum—ʻO wai ka mea lanakila?
Ma hope o ka haʻalele ʻana o nā mea hoʻoneʻe lepo, hoʻoholo ka compaction inā he ʻumi makahiki a i ʻole iwakālua paha kou alanui. Hoʻopili nā wili Sheepsfoot i ka lepo momona i ka wai, e ʻomi ana i nā hakahaka ea ma lalo o 12%. Inaina nā kumu granular i kēlā mau kapuaʻi; pono lākou i ka hui kneading-plus-impact o nā wili pneumatic (rubber-tired). I kēia manawa, hoʻopau nā compactors vibratory drum smooth i ka 150 mm o luna o ke kumu aggregate me kahi alapine ma kahi o 28-32 Hz—kiʻekiʻe e hoʻoluliluli i nā puka makani kokoke, haʻahaʻa e pale aku i ka haki ʻana o ka pōhaku. E hoʻololi i kekahi o kēia mau wili a e emi ana kou density a i ʻole over-compact, ʻo ia mau mea ʻelua e alakaʻi ai i ka haki mua.
ʻO ka wili ʻana, ka paving, a me ke ola huna o nā screeds
Ma mua o ka hōʻike ʻana o ka ʻasphalt hou, nau nā planers anu i ka ʻili kahiko a hiki i ka 100 m i kēlā me kēia minuke. Kapa nā mea hana iā ia he "wili," a ʻo ka mamao o ka pahu e hoʻoholo ai inā waiho ʻoe i kahi ʻano maʻemaʻe a i ʻole kahi ʻōpala holoi. A laila kuʻi ka screed o ka paver i ka moena hou i ka mānoanoa i manaʻo ʻia. Hoʻohana nā pavers papa alaloa hou i nā mea ʻike sonic e mālama i ka ʻokoʻa mānoanoa ma lalo o 3 mm—liʻiliʻi, akā ʻo kēlā me kēia millimeter e like me 12 kg o ka hui ʻana no ka mika kuea. Ma kahi hana he ʻumi kilomita, ʻelua alahele, hoʻonui ʻia kēlā hewa 3 mm i 240 t o ka asphalt, ma kahi o $18 k o ka mea. No laila ʻae, he mea nui ka screed.
Nā Mea Hoʻolei Kākoʻo e Hoʻōla i ka Lā: Nā Mea Hoʻouka Huila, Nā Mea Hoʻopaʻa, a me nā Hale Kiaʻi Mālamalama
Hoʻiliili nā mea hoʻouka huila i nā mea hoʻohuihui a hānai i ka hale hana asphalt; hiki i kahi bākeke 3-m³ ke holo i 140 mau manawa i kēlā me kēia hola ke pālahalaha ka pā hale. E hoʻohui i kahi wili compaction ma ka lihi o ka waihona a e hōʻemi ʻoe i ka paheʻe ʻana o ka huila mea hoʻouka ma 8%, e mālama ana ma kahi o 12 L o ka diesel i kēlā me kēia neʻe ʻana. Mai poina i kēlā mau hale kiaʻi kukui ʻālohilohi no ka hana pō; Hoʻohana nā hiʻohiʻona LED i 0.6 L i kēlā me kēia hola e kūʻē i 2.2 L no nā kukui metal-halide kahiko. Ma luna o hoʻokahi mahina o ka papahana e hoʻololi wale ana i ka hoʻopakele ʻana i 1,150 L o ka wahie—ʻaʻole ia he mea weliweli loa, akā ua lawa ia e uku no kahi kamepiula lawe lima hou, ʻeā?
Pehea e koho ai i ka Fleet kūpono me ka ʻole o ka puhi ʻana i ka Budget
E hoʻomaka me kahi hōʻike lepo kahua: ʻo ka pālolo plasticity kiʻekiʻe e like me ka sheepsfoot me 50 tons dump trucks. Sandy loam? E hoʻololi i nā compactors drum laumania a me 30 tons trucks. A laila, e palapala i nā mamao lawe; ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o nā scrapers ma lalo o 2 km, lanakila nā kalaka ma mua o kēlā. ʻO ka hope loa, e nānā i nā pae hoʻokuʻu kūloko. ʻO ka dozer hope loa Tier-4 e puhi i ka 7% emi iho o ka wahie ma mua o Tier-3, e hōʻemi ana ma kahi o 2 tons o CO₂ ma luna o 1,000 mau hola mīkini. Makemake nā mea kūʻai aku i kēlā helu ke alualu lākou i nā hōʻaiʻē LEED.
Nā Moʻolelo Kuʻuna e Hoʻokahe i kāu ʻEke Kālā
Kaʻao #1: "ʻO nā pavers nui aʻe e like mau me ke kaumaha kiʻekiʻe." ʻOiaʻiʻo: hiki i kahi paver papa 10-m ke kau i 600 t i kēlā me kēia hola, akā inā hana wale kāu mea kanu i 200 t, hana wale ka pilikua—a puhi i 25 L o ka diesel i kēlā me kēia hola hana ʻole. Kaʻao #2: "Hiki iā ʻoe ke kāpae i ka wili ʻana inā ʻoe e hoʻohui wale ana i 40 mm o ka uhi." ʻOiaʻiʻo: ʻike ʻia nā māwae aniani i loko o 18 mau mahina, e koi ana i ka hana hou piha. ʻO ka hoʻolilo ʻana i $1.20 no ka mika kūlike ma ka wili ʻana ma mua e mālama i $7.50 ma ka hoʻololi mua ʻana. Kaʻao #3: "ʻAʻole pono nā wili kila i ka wai ma ka hui wela." Hana lākou; me ka ʻole o ia mea, paʻa ka asphalt, huki, a waiho i nā kaha e lilo i mau lua ma hope.
Papa Inoa wikiwiki ma mua o kou kau inoa ʻana i ka ʻaelike hoʻolimalima
- He 1 mika ka laulā o ka pahu o ka wili? (ʻae, mākaʻi grammar, ʻo ia kā mākou paheʻe i manaʻo ʻia e kani kanaka)
- Ua lako anei ka paver me kahi sensor auger sonic?
- Hiki i ka planer anuanu ke hoʻololi i nā pahu 1.2 m a me 2 m i loko o ʻelua hola?
- Ke kū nei nā hale kiaʻi kukui i ka pāpā walaʻau kūloko (<55 dB ma 50 m)?
E kaha i kēlā mau pahu a e pale aku ʻoe i nā koi maʻamau e hoʻonui i nā kālā ma 15%.
No laila he aha ka uku maoli o ka ʻike ʻana i kāu lako alanui?
ʻAʻole he mea kupanaha ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā ʻano lako hana kūpono no nā alanui no ka poʻe akamai i nā mīkini; ʻo ia ka mea wikiwiki loa e pono ai nā mea nona ka lever e hoʻopau i nā hana i ka wā mua, nā bonus ʻeke, a e hauʻoli i ke kaʻa. E koho i ka wili kūpono, e kuhikuhi i ka laulā screed kūpono, a hoʻonohonoho i ka wili ʻana ma mua o ka paving, a hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻoki maʻalahi i ka 7-10% mai ka papa manawa a me ka ʻōpala mea. Ma kahi papahana $5 miliona, ʻo ia hoʻi he $350-500 k i loko o kāu ʻeke kālā—lawa ia e kālā i kāu hana aʻe ma mua o ka pau ʻana o ke kau ʻana o kāu mea hoʻokūkū. ʻAʻole maikaʻi loa, ʻeā?
