Wadanne nau'ikan Kayan Aikin Gina Hanyoyi ne Ke Ƙara Saurin Aiki da Rage Kuɗi?

Shin Ka Taɓa Tunani Me Yasa Ayyukan Hanya Ke Jin Jinkiri Duk Da Duk Wannan Ƙarfe A Wurin?

Idan ka wuce wani aiki a kan babbar hanya ka ga injinan rawaya da dama suna zaune a wuri ɗaya, wataƙila za ka tambayi kanka, “Da irin waɗannan nau'ikan kayan aikin gini na hanyoyi, me yasa babu abin da ke tafiya da sauri?” Amsar ba ƙarfin doki ba ce; sanin kayan aikin da za a yi amfani da su, lokacin da za a yi amfani da su, da kuma yadda za a yi. A ƙasa za mu bayyana kowane babban aji na kayan aikin gina hanya, abin da yake yi a zahiri, da hanyoyin ɓoye da yake adanawa—ko ƙonewa—kuɗi.

Manyan Masu Motsa Duniya Uku: Masu Bulodoza, Masu Scrapers, da Masu Rage Motoci

Bulldozers suna fara aiki ta hanyar yage ƙasa da kuma tura ta daga hanya. A mafi yawan ayyukan Arewacin Amurka, suna canja wurin 90-120 m³ a kowace awa, amma wannan adadin yana raguwa idan mai aiki ya manta ya karkatar da ruwan wukake don ya zama yumbu mai manne. Na gaba, masu gogewa suna ɗaukar kayan da kansu kuma suna ɗaukar su a nesa da ƙasa da kilomita biyu - duk abin da ya fi nisa kuma manyan motocin zubar da shara suna ɓata wasan. Dokin duhu a nan shine na'urar auna motar. Takardun ƙayyadaddun bayanai suna alfahari da 200 hp, amma ainihin ƙimarsa ita ce daidaiton da aka yi wa jagora ta hanyar laser wanda ke kiyaye matsakaicin matakin ƙarshe cikin jurewar 10 mm. Ku rasa wannan ƙayyadaddun bayanai kuma za ku zuba ƙarin 50 mm na kwalta kawai don "sassauta shi." Wannan shine kusan $13k a cikin kayan da ba dole ba a kowace kilomita ta layi, ouch!

Kayan Aiki: Tufafin Sheepsfoot, Pneumatic, ko Smooth Drum—Wa Ya Yi Nasara?

Bayan masu motsa ƙasa sun tafi, matsewa yana yanke shawara ko hanyarku ta wuce shekaru goma ko ashirin. Masu jujjuyawar ƙafafu na Sheepsfoot suna murɗa yumɓu mai danshi, suna matse gurɓatattun iska ƙasa da 12%. Tushen granular suna ƙin waɗannan ƙusoshin; suna buƙatar haɗin matsewa da tasirin matsewa na na'urorin juyawa na iska (masu gajiya da roba). A halin yanzu, masu daidaita rawar ganga masu santsi suna kammala saman 150 mm na tushen tara tare da mita kusan 28-32 Hz - tsayin da zai iya girgiza tagogi da ke kusa, ƙasa da isa don guje wa karyewar dutse. Sauya kowane ɗayan waɗannan na'urorin juyawa kuma za ku yi rauni ko kuma ku yi yawa, duka biyun suna haifar da fashewa da wuri.

Niƙa, Gine-gine, da Sirrin Rayuwar Gine-gine

Kafin sabbin kwalta su bayyana, masu amfani da kwalta masu sanyi suna tauna tsohon saman har zuwa mita 100 a minti daya. Masu aiki suna kiransa "niƙa," kuma tazara tsakanin ganga yana tantance ko kun bar tsari mai kyau ko kuma dattin allon wanke-wanke. Sai kuma kauri na mai gyaran faifan ya bugi sabon tabarmar a kauri da aka nufa. Masu gyaran faifan faifan zamani na zamani suna amfani da na'urori masu auna sauti don kiyaye bambancin kauri ƙasa da mm 3 - ƙarami, amma kowane milimita daidai yake da kilogiram 12 na gauraya a kowace murabba'in mita. A kan aikin kilomita 10, mai layi biyu wanda kuskuren mm 3 ya ninka zuwa tan 240 na kwalta, kusan dala $18 na kayan aiki. Don haka eh, kauri abu ne mai girma.

Tallafin 'Yan Wasa Masu Ceton Rana: Masu Loda Tayoyi, Masu Tayar da Kaya, da Hasumiyoyin Haske

Masu ɗaukar kaya na ƙafafun suna tara tarin abubuwa kuma suna ciyar da masana'antar kwalta; bokiti mai girman mita 3 zai iya yin keke sau 140 a kowace awa lokacin da farfajiyar ta yi faɗi. Ƙara abin naɗawa a gefen tarin kaya kuma za ku rage zamewar taya mai ɗaukar kaya da kashi 8%, wanda ke adana kimanin lita 12 na dizal a kowane aiki. Kada ku manta da waɗannan hasken wuta masu haske don aikin dare; samfuran LED suna shan lita 0.6 a kowace awa idan aka kwatanta da lita 2.2 na tsoffin kwararan fitila na ƙarfe. Tsawon wata guda na aikin da ke canza kaya shi kaɗai yana adana lita 1,150 na mai—ba wai yana lalata ƙasa ba, amma yana da isasshen kuɗin biyan sabon kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka, ko ba haka ba?

Yadda Ake Zaɓar Jirgin Ruwa Mai Dacewa Ba Tare Da Faɗaɗa Kasafin Kuɗi Ba

Fara da rahoton ƙasa mai faɗi: yumbu mai ƙarfi yana daidai da ƙafar tumaki da manyan motocin juji na tan 50. Loam ɗin yashi? A musanya na'urorin haɗa ganga masu santsi da manyan motoci na tan 30. Na gaba, nisan jigilar taswira; na'urorin gogewa suna ƙarƙashin kilomita 2, manyan motoci suna cin nasara fiye da haka. A ƙarshe, duba matakan hayaki na gida. Na'urar cire hayaki ta Tier-4 ta ƙarshe tana ƙone mai da kashi 7% ƙasa da na Tier-3, tana rage kusan tan 2 na CO₂ sama da sa'o'in injin 1,000. Abokan ciniki suna son wannan adadi lokacin da suke bin ƙimar LEED.

Tatsuniyoyi Na Yau Da Kullum Da Ke Zubar Da Walat ɗinku

Tatsuniya ta 1: “Manyan sandunan katako koyaushe suna daidai da tan mai yawa.” Gaskiya: injin katako mai girman mita 10 zai iya yin tan 600 a kowace awa, amma idan injin ku yana samar da tan 200 kawai, babban injin yana yin aiki kawai—kuma yana ƙone lita 25 na dizal a kowace awa mara aiki. Tatsuniya ta 2: “Za ku iya daina niƙa idan kawai kuna ƙara mm 40 na rufin.” Gaskiya: fashewar da ke nuna haske tana bayyana cikin watanni 18, wanda ke tilasta sake yin aiki gaba ɗaya. Kashe dala $1.20 a kowace murabba'in mita akan niƙa a gaba yana adana dala $7.50 akan maye gurbin da wuri. Tatsuniya ta 3: “Na'urorin birgima na ƙarfe ba sa buƙatar ruwa akan cakuda mai zafi.” Suna yin hakan; ba tare da shi ba, sandunan kwalta, ja, da barin layukan da daga baya suka zama ramuka.

Jerin Abubuwan Da Ake Bukata Kafin Ku Sanya Hayar Kwantiragin

• Shin abin naɗin yana da faɗin ganga mita 1? (eh, 'yan sandan nahawu, wannan shine kuskuren da muka yi na yin sauti na ɗan adam)
• Shin an sanya mashin ɗin auger mai amfani da na'urar auna sauti (sonic auger firikwensin)?
• Shin na'urar sanyaya iska za ta iya musanya ganguna na mita 1.2 da mita 2 cikin ƙasa da sa'o'i biyu?
• Shin hasumiyoyin hasken wutar lantarki sun cika dokar hana hayaniya ta gida (<55 dB a mita 50)?

Yi alama a waɗannan akwatunan kuma za ku kauce wa da'awar da aka fi sani da ke lalata kasafin kuɗi da kashi 15%.

To Menene Ainihin Sakamakon Sanin Kayan Aikin Hanya?

Fahimtar nau'ikan kayan aikin gini masu dacewa don tituna ba abu ne mai sauƙi ba ga ƙwararrun injina; shine mafi sauri da masu lever ke da su kammala ayyukan da wuri, samun ƙarin kuɗi a aljihu, da kuma sa zirga-zirga ta kasance cikin farin ciki. Zaɓi abin birgima mai kyau, ƙayyade faɗin screed da ya dace, kuma tsara niƙa kafin yin shimfida, kuma zaka iya rage kashi 7-10% na asarar lokaci da kayan aiki cikin sauƙi. A cikin aikin dala miliyan 5, wannan shine $350-500k da aka mayar a cikin walat ɗinka - ya isa ya ba ka kuɗin aikinka na gaba kafin ma mai fafatawa da kai ya gama yin tayin. Ba shi da kyau sosai, ko?