Yiziphi Izinhlobo Zemishini Yokwakha Yemigwaqo Ethuthukisa Ngempela Isivinini Sephrojekthi Futhi Yehlisa Izindleko?

Wake Wazibuza Ukuthi Kungani Amaphrojekthi Omgwaqo Ezwakala Ehamba Kancane Naphezu Kwalokho Okungadingekile Esakhiweni?

Uma udlula umsebenzi womgwaqo omkhulu bese ubona imishini eminingi ephuzi ihleli inganyakazi, cishe uzibuza, “Ngazo zonke lezo zinhlobo zemishini yokwakha imigwaqo, kungani kungekho lutho oluhamba ngokushesha?” Impendulo akuyona amandla ehhashi; ukwazi ukuthi yiliphi ithuluzi okufanele ulisebenzise, ​​nini, futhi kanjani. Ngezansi sichaza zonke izinhlobo ezinkulu zemishini yokwakha imigwaqo, ukuthi yenzani ngempela, kanye nezindlela ezikhohlisayo esonga ngazo—noma eshisa ngazo—imali.

I-Trio Ehamba Umhlaba: Ama-Bulldozer, Ama-Scrapers, kanye ne-Motor Grader Engalinganiswa Kahle

Ama-bulldozer aqala izinto ngokuklebhula nokusunduza inhlabathi engaphezulu endleleni. Emisebenzini eminingi yaseNyakatho Melika ashintsha ama-90-120 m³ ngehora, kodwa lawo ma-tank anenani uma umqhubi ekhohlwa ukugoba i-blade ukuze athole ubumba olunamathelayo. Okulandelayo, ama-scraper azilayisha futhi athwale izinto ezingaphansi kwamakhilomitha amabili—noma yini ekude futhi amaloli okulahla imfucuza ayaba umbukiso. Ihhashi elimnyama lapha yi-motor grader. Amashidi e-Spec aqhosha ngama-hp angu-200, kodwa inani lawo langempela ukunemba okuqondiswa yi-laser okugcina i-sub-grade yokugcina ngaphakathi kokubekezelelana kwama-mm ayi-10. Uma uphuthelwa yilowo mbono uzothela i-asphalt eyengeziwe engama-50 mm ukuze nje "uyilungise." Lokho cishe kungama-$13 k ngezinto ezingadingekile ngekhilomitha ngalinye lomzila, hawu!

Imishini Yokucindezela: I-Sheepsfoot, i-Pneumatic, noma i-Smooth Drum—Ubani Onqobayo?

Ngemva kokuba abathuthi bomhlaba behambile, ukuqina kunquma ukuthi umgwaqo wakho uzohlala iminyaka eyishumi noma engamashumi amabili. Ama-Sheepsfoot rollers axova ubumba olunomswakama, ecindezela izikhala zomoya ngaphansi kuka-12%. Izisekelo ze-granular ziyawazonda lawo ma-hoove; adinga inhlanganisela yokuxova-plus-impact yama-roller asebenzisa umoya (akhathele irabha). Okwamanje, ama-compactor abushelelezi adlidlizayo aqeda isisekelo esiphezulu esingu-150 mm ngemvamisa ezungeze u-28–32 Hz—ephakeme ngokwanele ukudlidliza amafasitela aseduze, ephansi ngokwanele ukugwema ukuqhekeka kwetshe. Shintsha noma yiliphi lala ma-rollers futhi uzoba ngaphansi noma uqine ngokweqile, kokubili okuholela ekuqhekekeni kwangaphambi kwesikhathi.

Ukugaya, Ukugandaya, kanye Nempilo Eyimfihlo Yama-Screeds

Ngaphambi kokuba kuvele i-asphalt entsha, ama-cold planer ahlafuna indawo endala ngesivinini esifinyelela ku-100 m ngomzuzu. Abasebenzi bakubiza ngokuthi “ukugaya,” futhi isikhala semigqomo sinquma ukuthi ushiya ukuthungwa okuhle noma ukungcola kwebhodi lokuwasha. I-screed ye-paver ibe isishaya umata omusha ngobukhulu obuqondiwe. Ama-paver ekilasi lomgwaqo wanamuhla asebenzisa izinzwa ze-sonic ukugcina ukuhlukahluka kobukhulu kungaphansi kuka-3 mm—okuncane, kodwa i-millimeter ngayinye ilingana no-12 kg wengxube ngemitha yesikwele. Emsebenzini wamakhilomitha ayishumi, onemizila emibili lapho iphutha le-3 mm liphindaphindeka libe yi-240 t ye-asphalt, cishe u-$18 k wezinto zokwakha. Ngakho-ke yebo, i-screed iyinto enkulu.

Abalingisi Abasekelayo Abasindisa Usuku: Ama-Wheel Loaders, Ama-Compactor, kanye nama-Light Towers

Ama-wheel loaders aqoqa futhi ondle isitshalo se-asphalt; ibhakede elingamamitha amathathu lingahamba izikhathi ezingu-140 ngehora uma igceke liphansi. Faka i-compaction roller emaphethelweni esitoreji futhi uzonciphisa ukushelela kwethayi le-loader ngo-8%, wonge cishe amalitha angu-12 kadizili ngeshifti ngayinye. Ungakhohlwa lezo zibani ezikhanyayo ezikhanyayo zomsebenzi wasebusuku; amamodeli e-LED aphuza amalitha angu-0.6 ngehora uma kuqhathaniswa namalitha angu-2.2 amabhalbhu amadala ensimbi-halide. Iphrojekthi yenyanga yonke eshintshayo iyodwa yonga amalitha angu-1,150 kaphethiloli—hhayi ukuphahlazeka komhlaba, kodwa okwanele ukukhokhela i-laptop entsha, akunjalo?

Indlela Yokukhetha Imikhumbi Efanele Ngaphandle Kokuchitha Isabelomali

Qala ngombiko wenhlabathi yendawo: ubumba olunepulasitiki ephezulu lulingana namaloli okulahla imfucuza angama-50 t. I-sandy loam? Shintshanisa ama-drum compactors abushelelezi namaloli angama-30 t. Okulandelayo, bhala amabanga okuthutha; ama-scrapers alawula ngaphansi kwamakhilomitha ama-2, amaloli anqoba ngaphezu kwalokho. Ekugcineni, hlola amazinga okukhipha ugesi endawo. I-Tier-4 final dozer ishisa uphethiloli ongaphansi ngo-7% kune-Tier-3, inciphisa cishe ama-2 t e-CO₂ emahoreni omshini ayi-1,000. Amakhasimende ayawuthanda lowo mthetho uma elandela amakhredithi e-LEED.

Izinganekwane Ezivamile Eziqeda Isikhwama Sakho Semali

Inganekwane #1: “Ama-paver amakhulu ahlala elingana ne-tonnage ephezulu.” Iqiniso: i-paver yeklasi engu-10-m ingabeka ama-tonna angu-600 ngehora, kodwa uma isitshalo sakho sikhiqiza ama-tonna angu-200 kuphela, i-giant imane ingasebenzi—futhi ishise amalitha angu-25 kadizili ngehora elingasebenzi. Inganekwane #2: “Ungayeqa ukugaya uma umane wengeza ama-40 mm we-overlay.” Iqiniso: imifantu ekhanyayo iyabonakala ezinyangeni ezingu-18, okuphoqa ukuthi kwenziwe kabusha ngokugcwele. Ukuchitha u-$1.20 ngemitha yesikwele ekugayeni kusengaphambili konga u-$7.50 ekushintsheni ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Inganekwane #3: “Ama-roller ensimbi awadingi amanzi engxubeni eshisayo.” Ayadinga; ngaphandle kwayo i-asphalt iyanamathela, idonsa, futhi ishiye imigqa kamuva eba yimigodi.

Uhlu Lokuhlola Olusheshayo Ngaphambi Kokusayina Inkontileka Yokuqasha

• Ingabe i-roller inobubanzi besigubhu obuyi-1 m? (yebo, uhlelo lolimi, lokho kuyindlela yethu yokukhuluma ehloselwe ukuzwakala njengomuntu)
• Ingabe i-paver ifakwe inzwa ye-sonic auger?
• Ingabe i-cold planer ingashintsha ama-drum angu-1.2 m kanye no-2 m ngaphansi kwamahora amabili?
• Ingabe imibhoshongo yokukhanya iyahlangabezana nemithetho yokuvinjelwa komsindo wendawo (<55 dB ku-50 m)?

Maka lawo mabhokisi futhi uzogwema izimangalo ezivame kakhulu eziphazamisa isabelomali ngo-15%.

Ngakho-ke Iyini Inzuzo Yangempela Yokwazi Imishini Yakho Yomgwaqo?

Ukuqonda izinhlobo ezifanele zemishini yokwakha imigwaqo akuyona into engavamile kubantu abasebenzisa imishini; yibo abanikazi bemishini abashesha kakhulu okufanele baqede imisebenzi kusenesikhathi, bathole amabhonasi, futhi bagcine ithrafikhi ijabule. Khetha i-roller efanele, cacisa ububanzi be-screed obufanele, bese uhlela ukugaya ngaphambi kokuhamba ngezinyawo, futhi unganciphisa kalula isaphulelo esingu-7-10% kokubili isheduli kanye nodoti wezinto ezibonakalayo. Kuphrojekthi yezigidi ezingu-5 zamaRandi, lokho kusele u-$350–500 k esikhwameni sakho—okwanele ukuxhasa umsebenzi wakho olandelayo ngaphambi kokuba umncintiswano wakho aqede ukubhida. Akukubi kakhulu, akunjalo?