Ishushu Kangakanani I-Asphalt Ephuma Kwisityalo kwaye Kutheni Abasebenzi Bendlela Befanele Bakhathalele?
Ngoko ke, i-Asphalt ishushu kangakanani kwisityalo?
Ukuba wakha wema kufutshane nelori esandul’ ukulayishwa, sele uyayazi impendulo emathanjeni akho: ishushu . Kodwa “ishushu” ayilonto unokuyibeka kwitikiti. Amanani abalulekile. I-asphalt eqhelekileyo yomxube oshushu (i-HMA) ishiya umxube wedrum e280–330 °F (138–166 °C) Loo festile ayisiyonto ingaqhelekanga; yindawo entle apho i-binder iqine ngokwaneleyo ukugquma ilitye ngalinye kodwa inyibilike ngokwaneleyo ukugcina umxube usebenza kakuhle ekutsaleni, ekubekeni, nasekuxineni. Yehla ngaphantsi kwama-260 °F kwaye usengozini yokuxuba okuthambileyo; nyuka ngaphezulu kwama-340 °F kwaye i-asphalt engamanzi iqala ukunyibilika ngokukhawuleza—indlela yakho entsha ithatha iminyaka ngemizuzu.
Yintoni Elawula Ubushushu Bokuphuma?
Iilever ezintathu zimisela ukufundwa kwetikiti yelori: umswakama opheleleyo, umgangatho we-binder, kunye nexesha lokugcina i-silo . Ilitye elimanzi lisebenza njengesiponji, liba ii-BTU kwilangatye lesitshisi. Umqhubi wesityalo eNorth Carolina wakha wandixelela wathi, “Umswakama ngamnye usibiza i-14 °F esangweni.” Okwangoku, i-PG 76-22 polymer-modified binder idinga ubushushu obongezelelekileyo ukuze ihambe, kodwa awunakusuka nje uyikrwitshe i-burner kuba irabha eshushu kakhulu inokwahlukana. Okokugqibela, umxube awunakuhlala kwisilo ixesha elide kakhulu; emva kweeyure ezine wehla malunga ne-5 °F ngeyure nakwiibhini ezigqunyiweyo. Yongeza ezi zinto kunye kwaye uya kubona ukuba kutheni i-plant lab igcina i-thermometer ye-laser ijonge ebhantini ngokungathi yindawo yokuqalisa.
Kutheni uhambo lwelori lungapholisi umxube ngokukhawuleza njengoko ucinga
Abaqhubi bafunga ukuba umthwalo “ulahlekelwa ngama-degrees angama-50 xa uqhuba imizuzu engamashumi amabini,” kodwa iiprobe ze-thermocouple zibonisa ibali elahlukileyo. Ukulahleka kobushushu kulawulwa bubungakanani bomphezulu, kungekhona ubukhulu . I-dump ye-22 yeetoni emile njengesonka sesonka ine-8% kuphela yobunzima bayo obuvezwe emoyeni. Iibhedi ezifakwe i-insulation kunye neetarpaulins zinciphisa ukulahleka kokukhanya ngamanye ama-30%. Idatha yokwenyani evela kwi-FHWA's Mobile Asphalt Pavement Monitor (MAPM) ibonisa ukwehla okuphakathi kwe- 7–12 °F kwimizuzu engama-30 yokuqala —kusengaphakathi kwemilinganiselo emininzi ye-DOTs zelizwe. Yintoni ekufuneka yenziwe? Musa ukugxeka umgama wokuhamba ngenxa yamalungu abandayo; gxeka ukuziphatha okubi kwe-tarp okanye ukudluliselwa okungagqunywanga.
Iindleko Ezifihlakeleyo Zokubaleka Zipholile Kakhulu
Xa umxube ufikelela ngaphantsi kwama-275°F, abakhi bajongene nothotho lweentloko ezibuhlungu:
- Uxinano oluphantsi lwamalungu — imiphetho ebandayo ayiluki, nto leyo evumela amanzi ukuba angene phantsi komata.
- Amaxesha amafutshane okuqengqeleka — mhlawumbi uneziphasi ezintandathu ngaphambi kokuba umxube untywile ngaphantsi kwe-175 °F, ubuncinci bokuxinana okusebenzayo.
- Ukuqhekeka kwixesha elizayo —yonke i-1% yokuhla kwesithuba somoya esingaphezulu kwe-8% kunokunciphisa ubomi bokudinwa ngesiqingatha, ngokutsho kophando lwe-NCAT.
NgesiNgesi esilula, "ukonga ipetroli" kwisityalo kunokubiza ngaphezulu ngokuphindwe kalishumi xa kulungiswa ngaphambi kwexesha. Olunye uphando lwe-DOT lubeke ixabiso lokwahlulwa kobushushu obuphantsi kwi-$2.8 yezigidi ngemayile nganye yomzila kwiminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu.
Indlela Yokugcina Ubushushu Apho Ubufuna Khona
Ngethamsanqa, awubambeki unqumla iminwe yakho. Nazi iindlela ezine ezivavanyiweyo:
1. Iikhamera ezishushu kwiPaver
Faka i-FLIR A700 ngaphezulu kwe-auger kwaye uza kubona imibala eqaqambileyo ngexesha langempela. Umahluko we-20 °F kwi-screed yimbonakaliso ebomvu yokuba ukwahlukana kwenzeka phambi kwamehlo akho. Amaqela angakwazi ukulungisa iindawo ezivulekileyo zamasango okanye adibanise izinto ngokukhawuleza endaweni yokuzifumana emva kwekhilomitha.
2. Izongezo zeWarm-Mix azikho nje kwiindawo eziluhlaza
Izinto ezidubula nge-asphalt ezifana neSasobit zehlisa uluhlu olusebenzayo ngama-30–40 °F ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukuqina. Oko kuthetha ukuba ungatsala umgama omde okanye utyatyekwe nge-50 °F iintsuku ngelixa usafikelela kuxinano. Ibhonasi: umsi omncinci oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwisityalo, ugcine abamelwane (kunye nabalawuli) bonwabile.
3. Iibhedi zelori ezishushu—Ewe, Ziyazihlawulela
Igridi yepropane phantsi kwebhedi yongeza iikhilogram ezili-18 kubunzima be-tare kodwa igcina umthwalo ungaphezulu kwama-290 °F kangangemizuzu engama-45 eyongezelelweyo. Nge-$0.40 ngobushushu, oko kungaphantsi kwe-$4 ngelori nganye ukuthenga isiqingatha seyure esongezelelweyo sokuxinana. Kwishifti yasebusuku yasezidolophini ye-10,000-tons, izibalo zilingana ne- $0.12 ngetoni nganye - itshiphu kunetoni ye-do-over patch.
4. Ukwabelana ngeDatha ngexesha langempela
Izityalo zanamhlanje zinokuhambisa ukufundwa kobushushu ngqo kwi-app ekwabelwana ngayo ngumphathi wolawulo lomgangatho, umqhubi we-paver, kunye nomphathi we-roller. Xa ubushushu bomxube buhla ngaphantsi kwe-spec, izaziso zokutyhala zibangela ukujonga uxinano ngoko nangoko. Isithili esinye saseWisconsin sinciphise ipesenti yaso yokuphinda sisebenze ukusuka kwi-4.2% ukuya kwi-0.9% kwixesha elinye lonyaka sisebenzisa olu hambo lomsebenzi.
Kodwa Ngaba iHotter Mix ayithethi ukuba kukho ukukhutshwa okukhulu kweegesi?
Ngumbuzo ofanelekileyo. Imodeli ye-EPA ye-AP-42 ibonisa ukuba ukunyuka ngakunye kwe-10 °F kukhupha i-CO₂ engaphezulu nge-2% kwi-stack. Sekunjalo, uhlalutyo lomjikelo wobomi boshishino lubonisa ukuba uxinano olungcono kwindawo luthintela loo ngcoliseko ngokwandisa ubomi bokuhamba kwendlela. Ngamafutshane, ukungqubana kwe-3% kwi-CO₂ yesityalo kunokuthintela umjikelo wokuphinda ubuye we-30% kamva. I-Net-net, i-carbon ledger ayilunganga—ayinakugaywa, irhuqwa, kwaye ayifudunyezwa kakhulu kwiminyaka emininzi edlulileyo. Ukongeza, ubuchwepheshe bokuxuba obufudumeleyo bunokunciphisa ubushushu bokutshisa ngama-35 °F ngelixa bugcina ukunyibilika, bunciphise zombini i-NOx kunye ne-CO ngaxeshanye.
Uluhlu oluKhawulezayo lwababhali beSpec
Ukuba uhlaziya iinkcukacha ze-DOT, qwalasela ezi bhulethi:
- Kufuneka kubekwe iprofayili yobushushu obuqhubekayo be-infrared kwi-paver mat.
- Misela ubuncinci bobushushu bokuhambisa obuyi-275 °F kwimixube ye-9.5 mm, kunye ne-285 °F kwisiseko se-19 mm.
- Vumela umxube ofudumeleyo wehle uye kuma-240 °F ukuba uxinano luqinisekisiwe ngee-cores kwi-96% yobuninzi bethiyori.
- Gcina isisele sokuvala emva kweeyure ezintathu ngaphandle kokuba kusetyenziswa i-insert-gas blanket.
Kwaye, akukho mntu unexesha lokuphumla xa iimoto zimi emgceni kangangeemayile.
Okukwintsusa
Ukwazi ukuba i-asphalt ishushu kangakanani na kwisityalo akuyonto ilula—yingqokelela ethintela uxinano, umgangatho wohambo, kwaye, ekugqibeleni, ixabiso lerhafu. Cacisa ubushushu obufanelekileyo, yikhusele njengehashe ngexesha lokuthutha, kwaye indlela yakho iya kuhlala ixesha elide kunezopolitiko ezixhase loo nto.
