Kia Pēhea te Wera o te Āhua o te Uku i te Whare Hanga, ā, he aha ai ngā Kaimahi Whakatakoto Huarahi me Āwangawanga ai?

Nā, he pēhea te wera o te uku i puta mai i te tipu?

Mena kua tū koe i roto i te tekau putu o tētahi taraka hou kua utaina, kua mōhio kē koe ki te whakautu i roto i ō wheua: wera . Engari ehara te "wera" i te tohu ka taea e koe te tāpiri ki te tīkiti. He mea nui ngā tau. Ka waiho e te uku whakaranu wera noa (HMA) te mīhini whakaranu pahu i te280–330 °F (138–166 °C) . Ehara taua matapihi i te mea tūpono noa; ko te wāhi pai tēnei e matotoru ai te hononga kia pania ai ngā kōhatu katoa, engari kia wai tonu kia pai ai te ranunga mō te tango, te whakatakoto, me te whakakīkī. Kia heke iho i te 260 °F, ka tūpono ka ngawari te ranunga; kia piki ake i te 340 °F, ka tere te waikura o te uku wai—ka roa te tawhito o tō papa hou i roto i ngā meneti.

He aha te mea e whakahaere ana i te pāmahana o te putanga?

E toru ngā rīpene e whakatau ana i te pānui i runga i te tīkiti o te taraka: te makuku whakakotahi, te taumata here, me te wā rokiroki silo . He rite te mahi a te kōhatu mākū ki te hautai, e tahae ana i ngā BTU mai i te mura o te mura. I kī mai tētahi kaiwhakahaere tipu i North Carolina ki ahau, "Ko ia kotahi ōrau makuku ka utu i te 14 °F i te kuaha." I taua wā, me nui ake te wera o te here PG 76-22 polymer-modified kia rere, engari kāore e taea te huri noa i te mura nā te mea ka taea e te rapa wera rawa te wehe. Hei whakamutunga, kāore e taea te noho roa i roto i te silo; i muri i ngā haora e whā ka heke iho i te 5 °F ia haora ahakoa i roto i ngā ipu kua whakamahanatia. Tāpirihia ēnei taurangi, ā, ka kite koe he aha te taiwhanga tipu e pupuri tonu ana i te inemahana laser e tohu ana ki te whitiki me te mea he whakarewatanga ātea.

He aha te tere o te whakamatao i te ranunga i te ekenga taraka e ai ki tāu e whakaaro ana

E oati ana ngā taraiwa ka "ngaro te kawenga i te 50 nekehanga i roto i te taraiwa e rua tekau meneti te roa," engari he rerekē te kōrero e whakaatuhia ana e ngā whakamātautau thermocouple. Ko te ngaronga wera e whakahaeretia ana e te horahanga o te mata, ehara i te rōrahi . Ko te puranga pito 22-tana te taumaha he rite ki te taro, e 8% noa iho o tōna taumaha e pā ana ki te hau. Ko ngā moenga whakamahana me ngā tāpaera kua whakamahanahia ka whakaiti i te ngaronga hihi mā te 30% anō. Ko ngā raraunga o te ao tūturu mai i te Mobile Asphalt Pavement Monitor (MAPM) a te FHWA e whakaatu ana i te hekenga toharite o te 7–12 °F i roto i ngā meneti 30 tuatahi - kei roto tonu i ngā whakaritenga mō te nuinga o ngā DOT o te kawanatanga. Ko te akoranga? Kaua e whakapae i te tawhiti o te kawe mō ngā hononga makariri; whakapae i te tikanga kāpata kino, i te whakawhiti kāore i hipokina rānei.

Te Utu Huna o te Oma Tino Matao

Ina tae te ranunga ki raro iho i te 275 °F, ka pā mai he maha ngā āwangawanga ki ngā kaimahi kirimana:

• Te iti haere o te mātotoru o ngā hononga — kāore ngā taha makariri e whatu, ka tukua te wai kia mimiti ki raro i te whāriki.
• He poto ake te wā hurihuri — e ono pea ngā wā e toe ana i mua i te hekenga o te ranunga ki raro iho i te 175 °F, te iti rawa mō te whakakīkī whai hua.
• Te pakaru ā muri ake nei — ko ia 1% o te maturuturunga iho o te āputa hau neke atu i te 8% ka taea te whakaiti i te roa o te ora o te ngenge ki te haurua, e ai ki ngā rangahau a te NCAT.

I roto i te reo māmā, ko te "penapena wahie" i te tipu ka taea te utu tekau ngā wā ka nui ake i ngā whakatikatika wawe. I roto i tētahi rangahau a te DOT, i kīia ko te utu mō te wehewehe pāmahana iti he $2.8 miriona ia ara-maero i roto i te huringa ora tekau mā rima tau.

Me pēhea te pupuri i te wera ki te wāhi e hiahiatia ana e koe

Waimarie, kāore koe e noho pōrearea ana. Anei ētahi rautaki e whā kua whakamatautauria i te mara:

1. Ngā Kāmera Wera i runga i te Papa Whakamahi

Whakanohoia he FLIR A700 ki runga ake i te auger, ā, ka kite koe i ngā panonitanga tae i te wā tonu. Ko te rerekētanga 20 °F puta noa i te screed he tohu whero kei te puta te wehewehenga i mua i ō kanohi. Ka taea e ngā kapa te whakarerekē i ngā whakatuwheratanga o te kēti, te whakahou rānei i runga i te rere, kaua e kitea i muri tata mai.

2. Ehara i te mea mō ngā tohu matomato anake ngā tāpiringa ranunga mahana

Ka whakaitihia e ngā matū horoi uku-puāwai pērā i a Sasobit te awhe mahi mā te 30–40 °F me te kore e whakaiti i te pakari. Ko te tikanga ka taea e koe te kawe i te whenua ki tawhiti atu, te whariki rānei i ngā rā 50 °F me te eke tonu ki te matotoru. He painga: he iti ake te paoa kikorangi i te tipu, ka koa ai ngā hoa noho (me ngā kaiwhakahaere).

3. Ngā Moenga Taraka Whakamahana—Āe, Ka Utuhia e Rātou Anō

Mā te whatunga propane i raro i te moenga ka tāpirihia he 18 pauna ki te taumaha o te taraka engari ka mau tonu te kawenga ki runga ake i te 290 °F mō ētahi atu 45 meneti. Mēnā he $0.40 te wera, he iti iho i te $4 te utu mō ia taraka hei hoko i tētahi atu hawhe haora o te kaha kikī. Mō tētahi nekehanga pō tāone 10,000-tana, ko te pāngarau he tata ki te $0.12 mō ia tana — he iti ake te utu i te kotahi tana o te papaki mahi-muri.

4. Te Tiritiri Raraunga Wā-Tūturu

Ka taea e ngā tipu hou te tuku tika i ngā pānui pāmahana ki tētahi taupānga e tohaina ana e te kaiwhakahaere whakahaere kounga, te kaiwhakahaere papa, me te kaiwhakahaere roera. Ina heke te pāmahana o te ranunga i raro iho i te whakaritenga, ka tīmatahia he tirotiro mātotoru tonu e ngā whakamōhiotanga pana. I whakaitihia e tētahi kawanatanga o Wisconsin tana ōrau mira anō mai i te 4.2% ki te 0.9% i roto i te wā kotahi mā te whakamahi i tēnei tukanga mahi.

Engari, kāore ianei te wera o te ranunga e tohu ana i te nui ake o ngā tukunga hau?

He pātai tika tēnei. E whakaatu ana te tauira AP-42 a te EPA i ia pikinga 10 °F ka tukuna he tata ki te 2% te nui ake o te CO₂ i te puranga. Heoi, e whakaatu ana ngā tātaritanga huringa ora o te umanga he pai ake te kiato o te wāhi ka whakakore i aua tukunga mā te whakaroa i te roa o te ora o te papa. I roto i te poto, ko te pikinga 3% o te CO₂ o te tipu ka ārai i te huringa whakahou 30% i muri mai. Ko te kupenga-kupenga, he kino te kaute waro—he iti ake te huri, te kawe, me te whakamahana anō i roto i ngā tekau tau. Hei tāpiri, ka taea e ngā hangarau ranunga mahana te whakaheke i te pāmahana o te tahu ki te 35 °F me te pupuri i te rere, me te tapahi i te NOx me te CO i te nekehanga kotahi.

Rārangi Arowhai Tere mō ngā Kaituhi Motuhake

Mena kei te whakahou koe i tētahi whakatakotoranga DOT, whakaarohia ēnei tohu:

• Me tirotiro tonu te pāmahana pūwero-whero ki runga i te whāriki papa.
• Whakatakotoria te pāmahana tuku iti rawa o te 275 °F mō ngā ranunga 9.5 mm, 285 °F mō te turanga 19 mm.
• Tukua te ranunga mahana kia heke ki te 240 °F mēnā ka manatokohia te mātotoru ki ngā matua i te 96% te mōrahi arorau.
• Taupokina te rokiroki ki roto i te silo mō ngā hāora e toru, ki te kore e whakamahia he hipoki hau kore mahi.

Āe, kāore he wā mō te haere ki ngā wāhi makariri ina he maha ngā maero e tū ana te waka i te rārangi.

Raina Matua

Ehara i te mea ngāwari te mōhio ki te wera o te uku i roto i te wheketere - engari ko te pou e mau ana i te matotoru, te kounga o te ekenga, ā, i te mutunga, te uara o te kaipupuri takoha. Whakatauhia te pāmahana tika, tiakina pērā i te kāhu i te wā e tangohia ana, ā, ka roa ake te ora o tō ara i ngā kaitōrangapū nāna i tautoko.